本文介绍如何在Kali Linux 2022.x系统上安装和运行MariaDB 10.7的方法，附在Kali Linux上删除MariaDB服务器的方法。

在Kali Linux上安装和运行MariaDB 10.7的操作步骤

步骤1、更新Kali Linux系统

通过运行以下命令更新已配置源中的包列表：

$ sudo apt update

[sudo] password for jkmutai:

Hit:1 http://ftp.halifax.rwth-aachen.de/kali kali-rolling InRelease

Reading package lists... Done

Building dependency tree... Done

Reading state information... Done

All packages are up to date.

如果更新可用，则通过对所有更新执行升级来应用它们。如果更新后存在/var/run/reboot-required文件，则需要重新启动：

sudo apt dist-upgrade -y

[ -f /var/run/reboot-required ] && sudo reboot -f

步骤2、将MariaDB 10.7存储库添加到Kali Linux

在Kali Linux和任何其他基于Debian的系统上安装依赖包以支持存储库管理：

sudo apt update

sudo apt install wget curl gpg gnupg2 software-properties-common apt-transport-https lsb-release ca-certificates

下载用于在支持的Linux操作系统上配置存储库的MariaDB脚本：

wget https://downloads.mariadb.com/MariaDB/mariadb_repo_setup

可以使用以下命令检查脚本使用帮助页面：

$ bash mariadb_repo_setup --help

Kali Linux不在脚本支持的Linux发行版列表中。我们必须在命令选项中提供OS类型和版本。Debian 11（Bullseye）存储库将在我们的Kali Linux系统中配置：

$ sudo bash mariadb_repo_setup --os-type=debian --os-version=bullseye --mariadb-server-version=10.7

# [info] Skipping OS detection and using OS type 'debian' and version 'bullseye' as given on the command line

# [info] Checking for script prerequisites.

# [info] MariaDB Server version 10.7 is valid

# [info] Repository file successfully written to /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mariadb.list

# [info] Adding trusted package signing keys...

# [info] Running apt-get update...

# [info] Done adding trusted package signing keys

脚本将编写一个新文件。这是在Kali Linux上配置的MariaDB回购：

cat /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mariadb.list

在Kali Linux上继续安装MariaDB 10.7之前，请确认存储库正常工作：

$ sudo apt update

Hit:1 https://downloads.mariadb.com/Tools/debian bullseye InRelease

Hit:2 http://ftp.halifax.rwth-aachen.de/kali kali-rolling InRelease

Get:3 https://dlm.mariadb.com/repo/mariadb-server/10.7/repo/debian bullseye InRelease [4634 B]

Get:4 https://dlm.mariadb.com/repo/maxscale/latest/apt bullseye InRelease [6387 B]

Fetched 11.0 kB in 1s (12.2 kB/s)

Reading package lists... Done

Building dependency tree... Done

Reading state information... Done

4 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them.

步骤3、将MariaDB 10.7安装到Kali Linux

检查已配置存储库中列出的MariaDB的可用版本。你应该发现10.7已经释放出来：

$ apt-cache policy mariadb-server

mariadb-server:

  Installed: (none)

  Candidate: 1:10.7.3+maria~bullseye

  Version table:

     1:10.7.3+maria~bullseye 1000

       1000 https://dlm.mariadb.com/repo/mariadb-server/10.7/repo/debian bullseye/main amd64 Packages

       1000 https://dlm.mariadb.com/repo/mariadb-server/10.7/repo/debian bullseye/main arm64 Packages

     1:10.7.1+maria~bullseye 1000

       1000 https://dlm.mariadb.com/repo/mariadb-server/10.7/repo/debian bullseye/main amd64 Packages

       1000 https://dlm.mariadb.com/repo/mariadb-server/10.7/repo/debian bullseye/main arm64 Packages

     1:10.6.5-2 500

        500 http://http.kali.org/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 Packages

现在，让我们在Kali Linux上安装MariaDB 10.7服务器和客户端软件包：

sudo apt install mariadb-server mariadb-client

附：修复错误“mariadb-server-core-10.7 : Depends: liburing1 (>= 0.7)”

如果您遇到以下类似的错误：

The following packages have unmet dependencies:

 mariadb-server-core-10.7 : Depends: liburing1 (>= 0.7) but it is not installable

E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

手动下载并安装版本大于等于0.7的liburing1软件包，地址在http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/pool/main/libu/liburing/，或使用以下命令下载：

wget http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/pool/main/libu/liburing/liburing1_0.7-3~bpo10+1_amd64.deb

在Kali Linux系统上本地下载后安装软件包：

$ sudo dpkg -i liburing1_0.7-3~bpo10+1_amd64.deb

Selecting previously unselected package liburing1:amd64.

(Reading database ... 290741 files and directories currently installed.)

Preparing to unpack liburing1_0.7-3~bpo10+1_amd64.deb ...

Unpacking liburing1:amd64 (0.7-3~bpo10+1) ...

Setting up liburing1:amd64 (0.7-3~bpo10+1) ...

Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.33-1) ...

在Kali Linux上重试MariaDB安装：

$ sudo apt install mariadb-server mariadb-client

Reading package lists... Done

Building dependency tree... Done

Reading state information... Done

The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:

  fonts-roboto-slab libmms0 libofa0

Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.

The following additional packages will be installed:

  mariadb-client-10.7 mariadb-client-core-10.7 mariadb-common mariadb-server-10.7 mariadb-server-core-10.7

Suggested packages:

  mailx mariadb-test netcat-openbsd

The following packages will be REMOVED:

  default-mysql-server mariadb-client-10.6 mariadb-client-core-10.6 mariadb-server-10.6 mariadb-server-core-10.6

The following NEW packages will be installed:

  mariadb-client mariadb-client-10.7 mariadb-client-core-10.7 mariadb-server mariadb-server-10.7 mariadb-server-core-10.7

The following packages will be upgraded:

  mariadb-common

1 upgraded, 6 newly installed, 5 to remove and 3 not upgraded.

Need to get 13.8 MB of archives.

After this operation, 4836 kB of additional disk space will be used.

Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y

这一次应该是成功的。可以使用--version命令选项验证已安装的版本：

$ mariadb --version

mariadb  Ver 15.1 Distrib 10.7.3-MariaDB, for debian-linux-gnu (x86_64) using readline EditLine wrapper

步骤4、在Kali Linux上启动MariaDB服务

安装程序包后，启动并启用mariadb服务：

sudo systemctl enable mariadb

sudo systemctl start mariadb

状态应显示为正在运行：

$ systemctl status mariadb

通过以sudo用户身份运行mariadb安全安装脚本来保护数据库安装：

$ sudo mariadb-secure-installation

Switch to unix_socket authentication [Y/n] n

Change the root password? [Y/n] y

New password: Enter Password

Re-enter new password: Re-Enter Password

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y

测试身份验证是否有效。如果不提供密码，您将收到拒绝访问错误消息：

$ mysql -u root

ERROR 1698 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost'

尝试使用-p选项，并在强化过程中为root用户提供密码设置：

$ mysql -u root -p

Enter password:

Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MariaDB connection id is 52

Server version: 10.7.3-MariaDB-1:10.7.3+maria~bullseye mariadb.org binary distribution

MariaDB [(none)]> exit

如何在Kali Linux上删除MariaDB服务器

如果在任何时候您想删除数据库安装，请从删除MariaDB的服务器包开始：

$ sudo apt purge mariadb-server

Reading package lists... Done

Building dependency tree... Done

Reading state information... Done

The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:

  fonts-roboto-slab libmms0 libofa0

Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.

The following packages will be REMOVED:

  mariadb-server*

0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 to remove and 3 not upgraded.

After this operation, 10.2 kB disk space will be freed.

Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y

要删除所有数据库数据，请删除/var/lib/mysql/目录：

sudo rm -rf /var/lib/mysql/

最后，删除mariadb客户端包和之前安装但不再需要的所有其他依赖项：

$ sudo apt autoremove mariadb-server mariadb-client

Reading package lists... Done

Building dependency tree... Done

Reading state information... Done

Package 'mariadb-server' is not installed, so not removed

The following packages will be REMOVED:

  fonts-roboto-slab libmms0 libofa0 mariadb-client

0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 4 to remove and 3 not upgraded.

After this operation, 650 kB disk space will be freed.

Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y

至此，删除MariaDB服务器完成。

结论

在本文中，我们与您分享了在Kali Linux上安装MariaDB 10.7的过程。安装完成后，我们介绍了服务管理、保护数据库服务器以及如何执行删除的方法。