在Ubuntu 20.04上安装Microsoft SQL Server 2022

本文介绍如何在Ubuntu 20.04上安装、配置和使用Microsoft SQL Server 2022，这可以在Ubuntu 20.04操作系统的服务器或桌面版本上完成。

详细操作步骤

步骤1：更新Ubuntu系统

运行以下命令更新Ubuntu系统上的包索引：

sudo apt update

我们还建议对所有已安装的应用程序进行升级：

sudo apt upgrade -y

如果升级后需要重新启动系统，请执行该操作：

[ -f /var/run/reboot-required ] && sudo reboot -f

步骤2：添加Microsoft APT存储库

系统更新后，安装基本存储库配置包：

sudo apt install wget curl libssl-dev gpg gnupg2 software-properties-common apt-transport-https lsb-release ca-certificates

然后导入公共存储库GPG密钥：

curl https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | gpg --dearmor > microsoft.gpg

sudo install -o root -g root -m 644 microsoft.gpg /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/

接下来，我们注册Microsoft SQL Server Ubuntu存储库：

wget https://packages.microsoft.com/config/ubuntu/20.04/mssql-server-2022.list

sudo mv mssql-server-2022.list /etc/apt/sources.list.d/microsoft-prod.list

步骤3：安装Microsoft SQL Server

使用以下命令在Ubuntu上安装Microsoft SQL Server 2022：

sudo apt update

sudo apt install mssql-server

按照提示继续安装：

Reading package lists... Done

Building dependency tree... Done

Reading state information... Done

The following additional packages will be installed:

  gdb libatomic1 libbabeltrace1 libboost-regex1.74.0 libc++1 libc++1-14 libc++abi1-14 libc6-dbg libdebuginfod-common libdebuginfod1 libipt2 libsasl2-modules-gssapi-mit libsource-highlight-common

  libsource-highlight4v5 libsss-nss-idmap0 libunwind-14

Suggested packages:

  gdb-doc gdbserver clang

The following NEW packages will be installed:

  gdb libatomic1 libbabeltrace1 libboost-regex1.74.0 libc++1 libc++1-14 libc++abi1-14 libc6-dbg libdebuginfod-common libdebuginfod1 libipt2 libsasl2-modules-gssapi-mit libsource-highlight-common

  libsource-highlight4v5 libsss-nss-idmap0 libunwind-14 mssql-server

0 upgraded, 17 newly installed, 0 to remove and 4 not upgraded.

Need to get 288 MB of archives.

After this operation, 1,324 MB of additional disk space will be used.

Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y

以下是成功安装所需的输出：

Creating config file /etc/profile.d/debuginfod.sh with new version

Creating config file /etc/profile.d/debuginfod.csh with new version

Setting up libdebuginfod1:amd64 (0.186-1build1) ...

Setting up libsource-highlight-common (3.1.9-4.1build2) ...

Setting up libc6-dbg:amd64 (2.35-0ubuntu3.1) ...

Setting up libunwind-14:amd64 (1:14.0.0-1ubuntu1) ...

Setting up libc++abi1-14:amd64 (1:14.0.0-1ubuntu1) ...

Setting up libboost-regex1.74.0:amd64 (1.74.0-14ubuntu3) ...

Setting up libatomic1:amd64 (12.1.0-2ubuntu1~20.04) ...

Setting up libipt2 (2.0.5-1) ...

Setting up libbabeltrace1:amd64 (1.5.8-2build1) ...

Setting up libsss-nss-idmap0 (2.6.3-1ubuntu3.2) ...

Setting up libsasl2-modules-gssapi-mit:amd64 (2.1.27+dfsg2-3ubuntu1.1) ...

Setting up libsource-highlight4v5 (3.1.9-4.1build2) ...

Setting up libc++1-14:amd64 (1:14.0.0-1ubuntu1) ...

Setting up gdb (12.1-0ubuntu1~20.04) ...

Setting up libc++1:amd64 (1:14.0-55~exp2) ...

Setting up mssql-server (16.0.4003.1-1) ...

Please run 'sudo /opt/mssql/bin/mssql-conf setup'

to complete the setup of Microsoft SQL Server

步骤4：配置SQL Server系统

在使用SQL server之前，我们需要初始化它。这将设置管理员用户密码并生成必要的配置：

sudo /opt/mssql/bin/mssql-conf setup

选择SQL Server版本：

1) Evaluation (free, no production use rights, 180-day limit)

2) Developer (free, no production use rights)

3) Express (free)

4) Web (PAID)

5) Standard (PAID)

6) Enterprise (PAID) - CPU core utilization restricted to 20 physical/40 hyperthreaded

7) Enterprise Core (PAID) - CPU core utilization up to Operating System Maximum

8) I bought a license through a retail sales channel and have a product key to enter.

9) Standard (Billed through Azure) - Use pay-as-you-go billing through Azure.

10) Enterprise Core (Billed through Azure) - Use pay-as-you-go billing through Azure.

Details about editions can be found at

https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=2109348&clcid=0x409

Use of PAID editions of this software requires separate licensing through a

Microsoft Volume Licensing program.

By choosing a PAID edition, you are verifying that you have the appropriate

number of licenses in place to install and run this software.

By choosing an edition billed Pay-As-You-Go through Azure, you are verifying

that the server and SQL Server will be connected to Azure by installing the

management agent and Azure extension for SQL Server.

Enter your edition(1-10): 2

接受许可条款：

The license terms for this product can be found in

/usr/share/doc/mssql-server or downloaded from:

https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=2104294&clcid=0x409

The privacy statement can be viewed at:

https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=853010&clcid=0x409

Do you accept the license terms? [Yes/No]:Yes

SQL Server的配置应在几秒钟内完成并准备就绪：

Enter the SQL Server system administrator password:

Confirm the SQL Server system administrator password:

Configuring SQL Server...

ForceFlush is enabled for this instance.

ForceFlush feature is enabled for log durability.

Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mssql-server.service → /lib/systemd/system/mssql-server.service.

Setup has completed successfully. SQL Server is now starting.

MS SQL服务将自动为您启动。要检查其状态，请运行以下命令：

$ systemctl status mssql-server.service

步骤5：安装SQL Server命令行工具

在连接到DB服务器并在SQL Server上运行Transact-SQL语句之前，需要安装SQL Server命令行工具。以下步骤安装SQL Server命令行工具：sqlcmd（https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/tools/sqlcmd-utility?view=sql-server-ver16）和bcp（https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/tools/bcp-utility?view=sql-server-ver16）。

首先导入公共存储库GPG密钥：

curl https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | sudo tee /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/microsoft.asc

接下来，我们将存储库添加到系统中：

curl https://packages.microsoft.com/config/ubuntu/20.04/prod.list | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/msprod.list

安装MS SQL server命令行工具：

sudo apt update

sudo apt install mssql-tools unixodbc-dev

还将/opt/mssql-tools/bin/添加到PATH环境变量中，以便于访问命令行工具：

echo 'export PATH="$PATH:/opt/mssql-tools/bin"' >> ~/.bashrc

source ~/.bashrc

步骤6：连接到MS SQL Server数据库服务器

要从命令行连接到数据库服务器，请使用sqlcmd命令。要使用的参数包括：

-S：指定SQL Server名称。

-U：设置用户名。

-P：提供用户密码。

在我们的示例中，我们正在本地连接，因此服务器名称为localhost。用户名是sa，密码是您在安装过程中为sa帐户提供的密码：

sqlcmd -S localhost -U sa -P '<YourPassword>'

如果您在命令行中省略了密码，系统将提示您输入密码。如果连接成功，您将看到sqlcmd命令提示符：1>，如下图所示：

对于远程连接，请为-s参数指定数据库服务器的IP地址，并确保防火墙上的1433端口处于打开状态。

总结

经过实践，按照以上步骤就能在Ubuntu 20.04系统上成功安装和配置MS SQL server 2022。对于其他的Ubuntu版本，比如Ubuntu 22.04，要注意存储库地址，本文是以Ubuntu 20.04为例说明的。